气候变化下石羊河流域径流模拟与影响量化   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

张永勇  张士锋  翟晓燕  孟秀敬  王中根 《资源科学》2013,35(3):601-609

石羊河流域是河西走廊水资源利用率最高、供需矛盾最突出的地区.本文选取石羊河中上游流域为对象,基于流域水文模型SWAT,研究1988年-2005年以及未来多种气候情景下出山口径流的变化特征,探讨气候变化对其中上游地区水文情势以及水资源的影响.研究表明:①采用SWAT模型对石羊河各条支流径流模拟已能够体现该流域中上游地区的降水径流特性,模拟精度满足未来气候变化对流域水文情势影响分析的要求;②通过调整历史降水和潜在蒸散发驱动SWAT模型对比分析未来A2和B2情景下2020s(2020年-2037年)、2050s(2050年-2067年)和2080s(2080年-2097年)三个时间段径流过程.未来A2和B2情景下石羊河流域降水和潜在蒸散发持续增加,但降水增幅略高.由此导致径流呈持续上升趋势,但增幅较小.A2与B2情景相比,A2情景下降水和潜在蒸散发的增幅均略高于B2情景.气候变化影响下未来石羊河流域径流量将略微增加,杂木寺断面增幅为1.37％～9.03％,而西营断面增幅为0.12％～5.04％.研究可为气候变化环境下的石羊河流域水资源综合管理规划提供技术支撑和依据.  相似文献   

集散控制系统及发展趋势     

刘有琴 《河北软件职业技术学院学报》2000,(2)

集散控制系统是７０年代中期发展起来的新型数字控制系统。它是计算、控制、信息管理、通讯和图形显示技术相结合的产物,是完成过程控制和信息管理的现代化装置。并己广泛应用于各个行业的过程控制中,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。它的发展一直代表着自动化控制领域的发展方向和水平。  相似文献   

分布式教学范式对集体智慧的激发     

毛灿  杨小洪 《电大教学》2013,(4):92-99

以网络为核心的多媒体技术的发展与新一代e-learning的出现对传统教学范式下的教师来说,既是契机也是挑战。分布式认知是信息技术发展而催生的新理论,面对混合式的学习环境,以它为指导的为分布式认知教学范式展现出了独特的优势。它不仅为教师提供了全新的视角审视课堂环境,并且能够从学习方式、学习者、知识等方面培养集体创新创造、共同合作的能力,为集体智慧的激发创造条件。通过课堂观察与实例分析表明,运用分布式教学范式不仅能优化课堂环境内各种分布式资源的整合,同样的,高效多元的资源利用与共享也能激发集体智慧发挥更大的价值,从而使得课堂效果最大化。  相似文献   

Chasing joint work: administrators’ efforts to structure teacher collaboration     

Marie Lockton 《School Leadership & Management》2013,33(5):496-518

ABSTRACT

Although the benefits of teacher collaboration have been touted, school administrators often struggle to foster productive collaboration at their sites. This study takes a deep dive into teachers’ interactions to understand how administrators’ efforts to engineer collaboration play out in teachers’ relationships. Analysis of qualitative interview and observation data with a social network lens provides a nuanced understanding of teachers’ formal and informal interactions at two schools. Findings make clear why leaders are unlikely to build effective collaborative cultures without noticing and building off of the relationships teachers have built within their existing contexts. Overly regulated meetings impacted both formal and informal relationships between teachers, and productive collaboration during formal meeting time could not be sustained in teachers’ informal networks when other structural obstacles intervened. Few teachers were able to overcome either of these constraints to engage in meaningful collaboration, although the efforts of some provide insight for promoting collaborative cultures. This study provides insights for how leaders might notice and capitalise on existing relationships as well as on sometimes unintended structures to support teachers’ join work.  相似文献   

The employment styles of school principals recruiting beginning teachers     

G Broadley  KM Broadley 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(3):259-268

In New Zealand, school principals (headteachers), sometimes with a sub-committee of the school board of trustees, interview and hire their own teachers. This research examined whether school principals exhibit different styles in recruiting beginning teachers. A small group of principals was interviewed and items reflecting their views were then developed and put on cards. The cards were sorted by people familiar with educational vocabulary to enable category setting using Kirkland and Bimmler's GOPA technique. Seventy-one principals then prioritized the items. A k-means algorithm was used to cluster principals with similar responses. Analysis of the clusters suggests that recruiting styles do exist. General compatibility emerged as being most important. This suggests that having schools appoint their own staff may lead to greater diversity between schools and greater conformity within them.  相似文献   

Evidence for the Validity of a Social Connectedness Scale: Connectors Amass Bridging Social Capital Online and Offline     

Christopher J. Carpenter  Franklin J. Boster  Michael Kotowski  Jonathan P. Day 《Communication quarterly》2013,61(2):119-134

One of the key characteristics of effective opinion leaders is that they are highly connected; they know many people and have numerous weak-tie relationships. Two studies were conducted that found evidence consistent with construct validity. The first (N = 35 and N = 57) found that connectors knew more people from a randomly selected list of names. A second study, with two surveys, was created (N = 561 and N = 189) such that the connectedness scores of some of the subjects in the first survey could be linked to how many subjects knew them in the second. Results indicated that those with higher connection scores were more likely to be known by others. Moreover, in the second survey, measures of Facebook use and bridging social capital were found to be associated substantially with connector scores.  相似文献   

从个体组合到小组认知:协作学习探究历程回顾     

林书兵  徐晓东  任英杰 《远程教育杂志》2012,30(3):37-43

合作的理念古已有之,但在教育领域内开展协作学习研究是近些年才出现的。研究采用文献调研和综述的方式对协作学习近二十年来的相关探究历程进行了系统的回顾和梳理,认为随着学习理论和技术的不断发展,针对协作学习的研究呈现出从形式到内涵、从动机到认知、从个体简单组合到小组群体认知的探究轨迹。随着当代学习科学新理论和方法的不断涌现,对这一领域的研究又逐渐呈现出多元交叉整合的趋势。  相似文献   

任务型教学法在英语精读教学中的运用     

付艳丽 《辽宁教育行政学院学报》2012,29(4):55-57

任务型教学法是以任务为本的新型教学法。精读课是英语专业学生的一门重要的基础课,对学生的英语综合能力的提高有着非常重要的作用。从任务型教学的定义、特点、理论依据以及任务型教学在大学英语精读课中的运用等方面,探讨如何将任务型教学模式充分应用到大学英语精读课程中,在教学实践中提高学生的语言能力。  相似文献   

Advancing perspectives of sustainability and large-scale implementation of design teams in Ghana's polytechnics: Issues and opportunities     

Marie Afua Baah Bakah  Joke M. Voogt  Jules M. Pieters 《International Journal of Educational Development》2012

Polytechnic staff perspectives are sought on the sustainability and large-scale implementation of design teams (DT), as a means for collaborative curriculum design and teacher professional development in Ghana's polytechnics, months after implementation. Data indicates that teachers still collaborate in DTs for curriculum design and professional development. Leaders support the sustenance of DTs however internal policies are needed for its official recognition. The local role of DTs in sustaining relevant polytechnic education and training efficient manpower for national development is discussed. Some identified inherent opportunities are examined for sustenance and conclusions drawn based on programme characteristics, contextual features and polytechnic climate.  相似文献   

领导管理学和卫生保健医疗中的能量场:元极三元模型     

美达·胡斯曼  张成林 《人天科学研究》1999,8(6)

心、身、能量,即元极理论中的三元(能量),对培育个人领导能力及组织机构整体的学习环境都是个深奥而又重要的概念和实践.在一个组织机构和共同体中,开发交感和谐的集体三元场是建立健康、有创造性、能赋予生命以意义和价值的环境的微妙而又实际的基础工作,对缓解紧张压力和保健医疗十分重要.而启动这样一个富有挑战性的集体学习、康复和成长的过程,集体的认识和共同体领导的实际投入都是必要的先决条件.文中引述了能量医学、认识科学、理论物理学、管理学、学习与知识创新理论近年来的研究成果,并分析了中国鄂州元极医院应用三元能量系统治疗晚期癌症等与紧张压力有关的疑难病症的成果.  相似文献